GSIS vs. CSC and Dr. Manuel Baradero and GSIS vs. CSC and Matilde S. Belo


Subject Matter: Social Legislation
Petitioner: GSIS
Respondent: CSC, Dr. Manuel Baradeo and Matilde S. Belo


Summary:
1. Powers of the GSIS – The power to determine what service is creditable for retirement solely belongs to GSIS. CSC‘s power to accredit government service is merely ministerial.
2. Liberal Construction of the laws – In cases where the law invoked is clear, unequivocal and leaves no room for interpretation or construction, liberal construction can’t be applied because it will defeat the purpose of the law.
3. Per diem - The law is clear to exclude per diem in the definition of compensation.

Facts:
GSIS advised CSC that it cannot grant the retirement benefits of Dr. Manel Baradeo and Matilde Belo because they failed to meet the 15-year retirement benefit requirements. However, CSC insist that both are entitled to retirement benefits.

Dr. Manuel Baradeo was a government employee who occupied the position Medical Officer IV in PMC until he reached the mandatory requirement age of 65. In addition, was elected as a SBM of the Municipality of La Castellana, Negros Oriental and served for 2 years and was paid per diems. He filed a petition with CSC to extend his service in PMC to meet the 15-year requirement in order to receive retirement benefits. CSC denied his petition. Instead, CSC credited his service for the municipality as SBM for 2 years to enable the erstwhile doctor to complete the 15-year retirement benefit requirement. However, GSIS contested CSC saying that per diem was expressively excluded in the definition of compensation in RA 1573. Prior to the implementation of RA 1573 which took effect on June 16, 1956, services paid per diem were considered creditable. GSIS also advised CSC to grant his petition to extend his service in PMC until he completes the 15-year requirement for retirement benefits.

Matilde S. Belo retired as a Vice-Governor of Capiz on February 2, 1988 in a hold-over capacity. She served as Governor of Capiz from January 25, 1972 until February 1, 1988. From January 25 to December 31, 1976, she recieves a regular salary. However, from December 31, 1976 to January 1, 1979, she receives only per diems for every session attended in the Sangguniang Panlalawigan. On December 31, 1979 up to February 1, 1988, she recieves a fixed salary. She sought an opinion from CSC if her services rendered on a per diem basis is creditable for retirement purposes. CSC gave an affirmative opinion. When GSIS through its Committee on Claims opposed CSC, CSC filed indirect contempt against the President and General-Manager of GSIS. In addition, Belo claimed that CSC is correct in its findings and that it is the authority in accrediting government services and evaluating retirement qualifications.
Issues:
1. Is GSIS correct in saying that respondents are not entitled to retirement benefits because they fell short of the 15 years requirement because their service to the public under a per diem basis does not qualify for computation purposes?
2. Is Matilde Belo correct in saying that CSC is the proper government agency in determining what service is credible for retirement purposes?

Ruling:
1. Yes, GSIS is correct. Liberal construction of social legislation only applies when the law is not clear and unequivocal and when the law leaves a room for interpretation or construction. In the case, RA 1573 in relation to PD 1146 is clear on its intent to exclude those government employees who receive compensation in a per diem basis. Hence, GSIS is correct.
2. No, Matilde Belo is wrong. According to the Court, the accreditation of government services is a ministerial duty and that the power to determine which service is creditable for retirement purposes solely belong to GSIS. PD 1146 in relation to RA 1573 provides that it is the power of GSIS to enforce rules and regulations pertaining to retirement benefits. Hence, Matilde Belo is wrong. 

Law:
1. RA 1573
(c) "Salary, pay, or compensation" shall be construed as to exclude all bonuses, per diems, allowances and overtime pay, or salary, pay or compensation given in addition to the base pay of the position or rank as fixed by law or regulations

(i) Compensation — the basic pay or salary received by an employee, pursuant to his employment/appointments, excluding per diems, bonuses, overtime pay, and allowances.
2. PD 1146
Sec. 10.Computation of Service. —For the purpose of this section, the term service shall include full time service with compensation: Provided, That part-time and other services with compensation may be included under such rules and regulations prescribed by the System 
Sec. 35. Powers and Functions of the System. The System shall have the following powers and functions specified in this Act and the usual general corporate powers:
    (a) To adopt, amend and rescind such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions and purposes of this Act;
    (b) To adopt from time to time a budget for the administration and operation of the System;
    (c) To invest its funds, directly or indirectly, in accordance with this Act;
    (d) To acquire, utilize or dispose of, in any manner recognized by law, real or personal properties in the Philippines or elsewhere necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act;
    (e) To conduct continuing actuarial and statistical studies and valuations to determine the financial condition of the System and taking into consideration such studies and valuations and the limitations herein provided, re-adjust the benefits, contributions, premium rates, interest rates or the allocation or the re-allocation of the funds to the contingencies covered;
    (f) To have the power of succession;
    (g) To sue and be sued;
    (h) To enter into, make, perform and carry out contracts of every kind and description with any person, firm or association or corporation, domestic or foreign;
    (i) To carry on any other lawful business whatsoever in pursuance of, or in connection with the provisions of this Act;
    (j) To have one or more offices in and outside of the Philippines, and to conduct its business and exercise its powers throughout and in any part of the Republic of the Philippines and/or in any or all foreign countries, states and territories;
    (k) To borrow funds from any source, private or government, foreign or domestic;
    (l) To invest, own or otherwise participate in equity in any establishment, firm or entity; to form, organize invest in, establish and maintain subsidiary or subsidiaries;
    (m) To exercise such powers and perform such acts as may be necessary, useful, incidental or auxiliary to carry out the provisions of this Act.
3. Administrative Code, Sec. 12, Chapter 3, Book V
17. Administer the retirement program for government employees and accredit government services and evaluate qualifications for retirement
 

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